How to Create a Dynamic ALV Report in SAP

Start a new ABAP report

Open the ABAP editor and create a new report named zms_p_test01. Enter the following declaration at the top of your report:

REPORT zms_p_test01.

Define a parameter for table name input

Add a parameter to the selection screen so users can enter the name of the table they want to view. Define the parameter as obligatory and of type tabname:

PARAMETERS : p_tabn TYPE tabname OBLIGATORY.

This parameter accepts any table name, such as echo or wubac.

Declare data objects for dynamic table handling

Define the data references needed to handle dynamic table structures at runtime:

• lo_structer_descr holds the structure definition.
• lo_table_descr holds the table definition.
• lo_data is the reference for the dynamic internal table.

You also need a field symbol to act as the dynamic internal table:

DATA: lo_structer_descr TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr,
      lo_table_descr   TYPE REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr,
      lo_data          TYPE REF TO data.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <lt_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.

Create the dynamic internal table

Fetch the first 50 rows from the specified table

Use a dynamic SQL SELECT statement to retrieve up to 50 rows from the table specified by the user input (p_tabn). Store the results in the dynamically created internal table <lt_table>:

SELECT * FROM (p_tabn) INTO TABLE <lt_table> UP TO 50 ROWS.

This step prepares the data for display.

Prepare the ALV display

Declare a reference variable for the ALV table:

DATA lo_salv TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table.

Use a TRY-CATCH block to safely create and display the ALV table:

TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
        IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_salv
        CHANGING  t_table      = <lt_table>
    ).
    lo_salv->display( ).
CATCH cx_salv_msg INTO DATA(lx_msg).
    MESSAGE lx_msg->get_text( ) TYPE 'E'.
ENDTRY.

This code initializes the ALV viewer and displays the fetched data.

Run the program and view results

Activate and execute the report. Enter a valid table name (for example, ECHO) in the selection screen, then press F8 to run the program. The first 50 rows from the specified table appear in an ALV grid.

Debug the dynamic table creation and data fetch

Set a breakpoint in the code to inspect the dynamic table creation and data fetching process, then run the program in debug mode. Observe the structure and contents of the dynamic internal table (<lt_table>) and the related references (lo_structer_descr, lo_table_descr).

Confirm that the structure is created from the table name, the table is created from the structure, and the data is fetched correctly.

Verify ALV output for different tables

Test the program with different table names (for example, VUBAC). Each time, the ALV grid displays the first 50 rows of the specified table, confirming the dynamic nature of the solution.